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The calcareous sponges [2] [3] (class Calcarea) are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges. They are characterized by spicules made of calcium carbonate, in the form of high-magnesium calcite or aragonite. While the spicules in most species are triradiate (with three points in a single plane), some species may possess two ...
Clathrina coriacea is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the class Calcarea and family Clathrinidae. [1] Species in the genus Clathrina are composed of calcium carbonate tube-like skeletons containing spicules. [2] The sponge can be located in shallow waters widely distributed along North Atlantic coasts, as well as on other coasts. [1]
The molluscs are calcareous organisms, as are the calcareous sponges , that have spicules which are made of calcium carbonate. [1] Additionally, reef-building corals, or Scleractinia, are calcareous organisms that form their rigid skeletal structure through the precipitation of aragonite (i.e., a polymorph of calcium carbonate). [2]
The shapes of calcareous sponge spicules are simple compared with the sometimes very elaborate siliceous spicules found in the other sponge classes. With only a few exceptions, calcareous sponge spicules can be of three basic types: monaxonic, two-tipped diactines, triactines with three spicules rays, and four-rayed tetractines.
The Clathrinida are an order of calcareous sponges found in marine environments. Clathrinida is a well-known non-monophyletic order under the class of calcarea, and was first named in 1958 by Willard D Hartman based on corticalization (body cortex)[5].
Clathrina is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae. Several species formerly in Clathrina were transferred to the newly erected genera Arturia, Ernstia, Borojevia, and Brattegardia in 2013. [2] The name is derived from the Latin word "clathratus" meaning "latticed".
Sponges were traditionally distributed in three classes: calcareous sponges (Calcarea), glass sponges (Hexactinellida) and demosponges (Demospongiae). However, studies have now shown that the Homoscleromorpha, a group thought to belong to the Demospongiae, has a genetic relationship well separated from other sponge classes.
Clathrina lacunosa is a species of calcareous sponge from the British Isles. The species name means "having holes" and refers to the perforations found in the sides of the sponge. It is usually found on vertical solid surfaces at depths down to 220 m. It is distributed in the north-eastern Atlantic from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. It is a ...
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