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The tip of the catheter can also be misdirected into the contralateral (opposite side) subclavian vein in the neck, rather than into the superior vena cava. The risk of misplacement is mitigated through the use of ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance which allows for direct visualization of the catheter during placement.
the upper right section of the trunk, (right thoracic cavity, via the right bronchomediastinal trunk) [1] the right arm (via the right subclavian trunk) [1] and right side of the head and neck (via the right jugular trunk) [1] also, in some individuals, the lower lobe of the left lung. [5]
The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the heart. The left subclavian vein plays a key role in the absorption of lipids , by allowing products that have been carried by lymph in the thoracic duct to enter the ...
The external jugular vein runs vertically downward behind the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, to terminate in the subclavian vein; it receives the transverse cervical and transverse scapular veins, which form a plexus in front of the artery, and occasionally a small vein which crosses the clavicle from the cephalic.
The apical nodes drain into the subclavian lymph trunk. On the left side, this trunk drains into the thoracic duct; on the right side, it drains into the right lymphatic duct. Alternatively, the lymph trunks may drain directly into one of the large veins at the root of the neck. [3]
Repetitive motions can cause enlargement of muscles which causes compression of veins. Besides, overuse injury of the upper limbs causes swellings, small bleeding, and subsequent fibrosis which would cause the thrombosis of the subclavian vein, leading to Paget–Schroetter disease or effort-induced thrombosis. [7]
An apical (or medial or subclavicular) group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle. Its only direct territorial afferents are those that accompany the cephalic vein, and one that drains the upper peripheral part of the mamma.
Typically, there are two trunks - one on each side of the body. The right bronchomediastinal trunk may connect the right lymphatic duct, and the left trunk to the thoracic duct, [1] although more frequently, they open independently into the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian veins on their respective sides.