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The pre-testing effect, also known as errorful generation or pre-questioning, is a related but distinct category where testing material before the material has been learned appears to lead to better subsequent learning performance than would have been the case without the pre-test, provided that feedback is given as to the correct answers once ...
In essence, testing of old information had a negative impact on learning new information, rather than the positive effect predicted by the forward testing effect. [13] These findings prompted another study to be conducted by Chan and Davis in 2015 which aimed to explain these findings which undermined the validity of the forward testing effect.
Washback effect refers to the impact of testing on curriculum design, teaching practices, and learning behaviors. [1] The influences of testing can be found in the choices of learners and teachers: teachers may teach directly for specific test preparation, or learners might focus on specific aspects of language learning found in assessments.
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A common additional task is to have the participant learn a new set of associations with the cued items and study the amount of interference from prior association that occurs. These experiments help to develop theories on how we learn associations and what conditions affect that learning. [5] The free recall does not use item pairs.
If they fail, they send it back to the first group. Each succeeding group has a longer period before the learner is required to revisit the cards. In Leitner's original method, published in his book So lernt man Lernen (How to learn to learn), the schedule of repetition was governed by the size of the partitions in the learning box. These were ...
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The worked-example effect is a learning effect predicted by cognitive load theory. [ 1 ] [ full citation needed ] Specifically, it refers to improved learning observed when worked examples are used as part of instruction, compared to other instructional techniques such as problem-solving [ 2 ] [ page needed ] and discovery learning.