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Follicular hyperplasia is one of the most common types of benign lymphadenopathies. [1] It can be typically found in children and young adults however all ages are subject to follicular hyperplasia, including the elderly. Lymphadenopathies such as follicular hyperplasia, are usually localized but can also be generalized and are non gender specific.
In situ follicular lymphoma is an accumulation of monoclonal B cells (i.e. cells descendent from a single ancestral cell) in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue. These cells commonly bear a pathological genomic abnormality, i.e. a translocation between position 32 on the long (i.e. "q") arm of chromosome 14 and position 21 on chromosome 18's q arm.
Boys with X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome are at a higher risk of mortality associated with Epstein–Barr virus infections, and are predisposed to develop a lymphoproliferative disorder or lymphoma. [citation needed] Children with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are also at a higher risk of developing a lymphoproliferative disorder.
The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [ 7 ] In addition to cure-directed treatment, people can benefit from self-care to manage symptoms.
Spread from the skin is unusual, and the prognosis is excellent [2]: 218 with a 5-year survival of over 97%. [2]: 314 The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group identified elevated LDH, more than two skin lesions, and nodular lesions as three prognostic factors, that are used to assess a cutaneous lymphoma international prognostic index (CLIPI), which is prognostic of disease-free status.
Many low-grade lymphomas remain indolent (growing slowly or not at all) for many years – sometimes, for the rest of the person's life. With an indolent lymphoma, such as follicular lymphoma, watchful waiting is often the initial course of action, because monitoring is less risky and less harmful than early treatment. [50]
May progress to follicular lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma; may be associated with the development of certain other lymphoid malignancies: Duration: Chronic: Types: In situ follicular lymphoma; in situ mantle cell lymphoma: Treatment: Follow-up tests for the development of follicular or mantle cell lymphoma, or other lymphoid malignancies
In Burkitt's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, the other protein in the fusion is c-myc (on chromosome 8) and cyclin D1 [9] (on chromosome 11), respectively, which gives the fusion protein pro-proliferative ability. In follicular lymphoma, the fused protein is Bcl-2 (on chromosome 18), which gives the fusion protein anti-apoptotic abilities.
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