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Examples include specific language impairment, better defined as developmental language disorder, or DLD, and aphasia, among others. Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language, [1] and can also affect sign language; typically, all forms of language will be impaired.
For example, individuals with linguistic dysprosody may have difficulty distinguishing the production of interrogative and declarative sentences, switching or leaving out the expected rising and falling shift, respectively. [5] Thus, linguistic dysprosody alters an individual's vocal identity and impairs verbal communication. [citation needed]
Some people consider it best to use person-first language, for example "a person with a disability" rather than "a disabled person." [ 1 ] However identity-first language, as in "autistic person" or "deaf person", is preferred by many people and organizations.
Paraphasia is associated with fluent aphasias, characterized by "fluent spontaneous speech, long grammatically shaped sentences and preserved prosody abilities." [4] Examples of these fluent aphasias include receptive or Wernicke's aphasia, anomic aphasia, conduction aphasia, and transcortical sensory aphasia, among others.
Dysgraphia; Other names: Disorder of written expression: Three handwritten repetitions of the phrase "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" on lined paper.The writing, by an adult with dysgraphia, exhibits variations in letter formation, inconsistent spacing, and irregular alignment, all key characteristics of the condition.
Receptive aphasia is an example of fluent aphasia. [4] Those who have agraphia with nonfluent aphasia can write brief sentences but their writing is difficult to read. Their writing requires great physical effort, lacks proper syntax, and often has poor spelling. Expressive aphasia is an example of nonfluent aphasia. [3]
Impaired comprehension: deficits in understanding (receptive) written and spoken language. [2] This is because Wernicke's area is responsible for assigning meaning to the language that is heard, so if it is damaged, the brain cannot comprehend the information that is being received. Poor word retrieval: ability to retrieve target words is ...
Semantic dementia [23] is a condition in which words and phrases slowly begin to lose meaning, and comprehension is lost because of a deterioration in the semantic memory. This is usually characterized by behavior changes, fluent speech but with no meaning, preserved syntax and grammar, and the impaired ability to recognize objects.