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In economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good) [ 1] is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. Use by one person neither prevents access by other people, nor does it reduce availability to others. [ 1] Therefore, the good can be used simultaneously by more than one person. [ 2]
An economic system, or economic order, [ 1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.
Economic sectors. The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises. Public sectors include the public goods and governmental services such as the military, law enforcement, infrastructure, public transit, public education, along with health care and those working ...
Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. [72] It is the branch of economics that assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones.
The Journal of Economic Literature classification codes associate political economy with three sub-areas: (1) the role of government and/or class and power relationships in resource allocation for each type of economic system; [16] (2) international political economy, which studies the economic impacts of international relations; [17] and (3 ...
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education. A mixed economy also promotes some form of regulation to protect the public, the environment, or the interests of the state. This is in contrast to a laissez faire ...
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [ 1][ 2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [ 3] and often implemented by programs. These policies govern and include various aspects of life such as education, health care ...
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare. Welfare can be defined in terms of well-being, prosperity, and overall state of being.