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There, platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) are mined from the 2.71 billion-year-old Stillwater Complex, a classic example of an LLI (large, layered igneous province). LLIs are large intrusive bodies that display large-scale and small-scale layering, even including cross bedding, ripples, graded bedding, channelforms, and other sedimentary-like ...
Palladium has been used as a precious metal in jewelry since 1939 as an alternative to platinum in the alloys called "white gold", where the naturally white color of palladium does not require rhodium plating. Palladium, being much less dense than platinum, is similar to gold in that it can be beaten into leaf as thin as 100 nm (1 ⁄ 250,000 ...
South Africa, with vast platinum ore deposits in the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld complex, is the world's largest producer of platinum, followed by Russia. [19] [20] Platinum and palladium are also mined commercially from the Stillwater igneous complex in Montana, USA. Leaders of primary platinum production are South Africa and Russia ...
The discovery of new sources of ore or improvements in mining or refining processes may cause the value of a precious metal to diminish. The status of a "precious" metal can also be determined by high demand or market value. Precious metals in bulk form are known as bullion and are traded on commodity markets.
This ore sample grades to around 2.5 ounces of Pd-Pt per ton of rock, with a Pd-Pt ratio of about 3:1. Another sample of Platinum-palladium ore from the Stillwater mine. The Stillwater mine and mill. Stillwater Mining Company (NYSE: SWC) is a palladium and platinum mining company with headquarters located at Littleton, Colorado, United States.
A surge in palladium prices has thrown struggling South African mining companies a lifeline. Russia's Norilsk Nickel (Nornickel), the world's biggest palladium producer, meanwhile, has emerged as ...
[citation needed] Over geological time scales, very few metals can resist natural weathering processes like oxidation, so mainly the less reactive metals such as gold and platinum are found as native metals. The others usually occur as isolated pockets where a natural chemical process reduces a common compound or ore of the metal, leaving the ...
A native platinum nugget, Kondyor mine, Khabarovsk Krai Platinum-palladium ore, Stillwater mine, Beartooth Mountains, Montana, US Sulfidic serpentintite (platinum-palladium ore) from Stillwater Mine, Beartooth Mountains, Montana, USA. Platinum is an extremely rare metal, [26] occurring at a concentration of only 0.005 ppm in Earth's crust.