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In the petroleum industry, rock samples are retrieved from the subsurface and measured by oil or service companies' core laboratories. This process is time-consuming and expensive; thus, it can only be applied to some of the wells drilled in a field. Also, proper design, planning and supervision decrease data redundancy and uncertainty.
In the petroleum industry, lithology, or more specifically mud logging, is the graphic representation of geological formations being drilled through and drawn on a log called a mud log. As the cuttings are circulated out of the borehole , they are sampled, examined (typically under a 10× microscope) and tested chemically when needed.
Petroleum geology is the study of the origins, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons ( oil exploration ).
Lithology is the basis of subdividing rock sequences into individual lithostratigraphic units for the purposes of mapping and correlation between areas. In certain applications, such as site investigations , lithology is described using a standard terminology such as in the European geotechnical standard Eurocode 7 .
The concept of permeability is of importance in determining the flow characteristics of hydrocarbons in oil and gas reservoirs, [4] and of groundwater in aquifers. [5]For a rock to be considered as an exploitable hydrocarbon reservoir without stimulation, its permeability must be greater than approximately 100 md (depending on the nature of the hydrocarbon – gas reservoirs with lower ...
1" (5 foot average) mud log showing heavy (hydrocarbons) (large area of yellow)Mud logging includes observation and microscopic examination of drill cuttings (formation rock chips), and evaluation of gas hydrocarbon and its constituents, basic chemical and mechanical parameters of drilling fluid or drilling mud (such as chlorides and temperature), as well as compiling other information about ...
Selected lithology and facies cubes are also generated for P15 and P85 probabilities (for example). Reservoir 3-D bodies of hydrocarbon -bearing units are captured with their corresponding rock properties, and the uncertainty in reservoir size and properties is quantified.
This equation is very popular in petroleum exploration because it can provide information about the lithology from interval velocities obtained from seismic data. The constants α {\displaystyle \alpha } and β {\displaystyle \beta } are usually calibrated from sonic and density well log information but in the absence of these, Gardner's ...