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In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy. Generally, it contains no physical particles. The term zero-point field is sometimes used as a synonym for the vacuum state of a quantized field which is completely individual. [clarification ...
Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire universe. [1] The vacuum energy is a special case of zero-point energy that relates to the quantum vacuum .
In cosmology, the vacuum energy is one possible explanation for the cosmological constant [18] and the source of dark energy. [19] [20] Scientists are not in agreement about how much energy is contained in the vacuum. Quantum mechanics requires the energy to be large as Paul Dirac claimed it is, like a sea of energy.
3D visualization of quantum fluctuations of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) vacuum [1]. In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount of energy in a point in space, [2] as prescribed by Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
The QED vacuum is subject to fluctuations about a dormant zero average-field condition; [4] Here is a description of the quantum vacuum: The quantum theory asserts that a vacuum, even the most perfect vacuum devoid of any matter, is not really empty. Rather the quantum vacuum can be depicted as a sea of continuously appearing and disappearing ...
Quantum energy teleportation is a quantum protocol proposed by Masahiro Hotta in 2008 [1] allowing one party to put energy into the quantum vacuum, then send information to another party that lets them extract the energy from the vacuum. In 2023, zero temperature quantum energy teleportation was observed and recorded by Kazuki Ikeda for the ...
The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics is a physics textbook authored by Peter W. Milonni in 1993. The book provides a careful and thorough treatment of zero-point energy, spontaneous emission, the Casimir, van der Waals forces, Lamb shift and anomalous magnetic moment of the electron at a level of detail not found in other introductory texts to quantum electrodynamics ...
The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum.