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Fungal thyroiditis can be treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole. [2] Early treatment of AIT prevents further complications. However, if antibiotic treatment does not manage the infection, surgical drainage is required.
Thyroiditis is generally caused by an immune system attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This disease is often considered a malfunction of the immune system and can be associated with IgG4-related systemic disease, in which symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and noninfectious aortitis also occur.
It often begins with symptoms of an overactive thyroid, which last 2 to 4 months. Mild symptoms might be overlooked. Affected women then develop symptoms of an underactive thyroid, which can last up to a year. An underactive thyroid needs to be treated. In most cases, thyroid function returns to normal as the thyroid heals. [1]
Postpartum thyroiditis can occur in women with Hashimoto's. [5] In healthy women, Postpartum thyroiditis can occur up to 1 year after delivery and should be differentiated from Hashimoto's thyroiditis as it is treated differently. [136] After giving birth, Tregs rapidly decrease and immune responses are re-established.
The diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis can be made clinically by eliciting risk factors, associated symptoms, and physical examination. [1] [2] [3] Further work-up to differentiate between the etiologies of subacute thyroiditis can include: thyroid function tests (TFTs), inflammatory markers, complete blood count (CBC), and thyroid antibodies.
Certain medications can have the unintended side effect of affecting thyroid function. While some medications can lead to significant hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and those at risk will need to be carefully monitored, some medications may affect thyroid hormone lab tests without causing any symptoms or clinical changes, and may not require treatment.
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The first sign of Ord's thyroiditis is the atrophy of the thyroid gland from the start this can be identified by ultrasound. [2] Another sign to help identify this disease is the presence of blocking anti-TSH receptors. Ord's thyroiditis can share symptoms with functional hypothyroidism. [3]