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The fast marching method [1] is a numerical method created by James Sethian for solving boundary value problems of the Eikonal equation: | | = / () =Typically, such a problem describes the evolution of a closed surface as a function of time with speed in the normal direction at a point on the propagating surface.
Simulation of negative refraction from a metasurface at 15 GHz for different angles of incidence. The simulations are performed through the method of moments. The method of moments (MoM), also known as the moment method and method of weighted residuals, [1] is a numerical method in computational electromagnetics.
Propagation of a ray through a layer. The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium; a stack of thin films. [1] [2] This is, for example, relevant for the design of anti-reflective coatings and dielectric mirrors.
Modeling photon propagation with Monte Carlo methods is a flexible yet rigorous approach to simulate photon transport. In the method, local rules of photon transport are expressed as probability distributions which describe the step size of photon movement between sites of photon-matter interaction and the angles of deflection in a photon's trajectory when a scattering event occurs.
From the figure the received line of sight component may be written as = {() /}and the ground reflected component may be written as = {() (+ ′) / + ′}where () is the transmitted signal, is the length of the direct line-of-sight (LOS) ray, + ′ is the length of the ground-reflected ray, is the combined antenna gain along the LOS path, is the combined antenna gain along the ground-reflected ...
The Hata model is a radio propagation model for predicting the path loss of cellular transmissions in exterior environments, valid for microwave frequencies from 150 to 1500 MHz. It is an empirical formulation based on the data from the Okumura model , and is thus also commonly referred to as the Okumura–Hata model . [ 1 ]
For the purposes of Fermat's principle, the propagation time from P to P′ is taken as for a point-source at P, not (e.g.) for an arbitrary wavefront W passing through P. The surface Σ (with unit normal nĚ‚ at P′ ) is the locus of points that a disturbance at P can reach in the same time that it takes to reach P′ ; in other words, Σ is ...