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Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) is a computer memory design used in multiprocessing, where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to the processor. Under NUMA, a processor can access its own local memory faster than non-local memory (memory local to another processor or memory shared between processors). [ 1 ]
A cc–NUMA system is a cluster of SMP systems – each called a "node", which can have a single processor, a multi-core processor, or a mix of the two, of one or other kinds of architecture – connected via a high-speed "connection network" that can be a "link" that can be a single or double-reverse ring, or multi-ring, point-to-point ...
Examples of distributed memory (multiple computers) include MPP (massively parallel processors), COW (clusters of workstations) and NUMA (non-uniform memory access). The former is complex and expensive: Many super-computers coupled by broad-band networks. Examples include hypercube and mesh interconnections.
Directory-based coherence is a mechanism to handle cache coherence problem in distributed shared memory (DSM) a.k.a. non-uniform memory access (NUMA). Another popular way is to use a special type of computer bus between all the nodes as a "shared bus" (a.k.a. system bus). [1]
Examples of coherency protocols for cache memory are listed here. For simplicity, all "miss" Read and Write status transactions which obviously come from state "I" (or miss of Tag), in the diagrams are not shown. They are shown directly on the new state.
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Diagram of a symmetric multiprocessing system. Symmetric multiprocessing or shared-memory multiprocessing [1] (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all ...
Former NHL player Paul Bissonnette is fine after getting into an altercation with six men at a local Scottsdale restaurant. (Photo by Cliff Hawkins/Getty Images for The Match) (Cliff Hawkins via ...