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  2. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card[ 1] or punched-card[ 2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines . Punched cards were widely used in the 20th century, where ...

  3. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters. Groups or "decks" of cards form programs and collections of data. The term is often used interchangeably with punch card, the difference being that an unused card is a "punch card," but once information had been encoded by punching holes in the card ...

  4. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

    Punched card input/output. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with ...

  5. Tabulating machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine

    Hollerith punched card. The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Later models were widely used for business applications such as accounting and inventory ...

  6. History of computing hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

    The history of computing hardware covers the developments from early simple devices to aid calculation to modern day computers . The first aids to computation were purely mechanical devices which required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic operation, then manipulate the device to obtain the result.

  7. Herbert Marvin Ohlman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Marvin_Ohlman

    While the appearance of the printed indexes were practically identical, Ohlman's index was produced entirely with IBM tabulating machines. Luhn's system used punched cards only for input, converted the data to punched-paper tape, and used a computer to produce the final index. Ohlman's work may have preceded Luhn's work on KWIC.

  8. Punched card sorter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_sorter

    Punched card sorter. A punched card sorter is a machine for sorting decks of punched cards . Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using unit record equipment. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data punched in the cards.

  9. Mark sense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_sense

    Mark sense. Electrographic is a term used for punched-card and page-scanning technology that allowed cards or pages marked with a pencil to be processed or converted into punched cards. The primary developer of electrographic systems was IBM, who used mark sense as a trade name for both the forms and processing system.

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