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In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. The concept of redirection is quite old, dating back to the earliest operating systems (OS).
An important aspect of this, setting Unix pipes apart from other pipe implementations, is the concept of buffering: for example a sending program may produce 5000 bytes per second, and a receiving program may only be able to accept 100 bytes per second, but no data is lost. Instead, the output of the sending program is held in the buffer.
Every pipe is placed in the root directory of the named pipe filesystem (NPFS), mounted under the special path \\.\pipe\ (that is, a pipe named "foo" would have a full path name of \\.\pipe\foo). Anonymous pipes used in pipelining are actually named pipes with a random name. They are very rarely seen by users, but there are notable exceptions.
Unix shells use dup2 for input/output redirection. Along with pipe(), it is a tool on which Unix pipes rely. The following example uses pipe() and dup() in order to connect two separate processes (program1 and program2) using Unix pipes:
Process substitution can also be used to capture output that would normally go to a file, and redirect it to the input of a process. The Bash syntax for writing to a process is >(command) . Here is an example using the tee , wc and gzip commands that counts the lines in a file with wc -l and compresses it with gzip in one pass:
Bill Clinton “Hillary and I mourn the passing of President Jimmy Carter and give thanks for his long, good life,” Clinton, the country's 42nd president, said in a statement on Sunday.
The only range of communication difference is the method to convert a name to the address parameter needed to bind the socket's connection. For a Unix domain socket, the name is a /path/filename. For an Internet domain socket, the name is an IP address:Port number. In either case, the name is called an address. [3]
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