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The Philippine Organic Act (c. 1369, 32 Stat. 691) that was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902 was the basic law for the Insular Government. It is also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act , after its author Henry A. Cooper .
The Philippines' Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pamamahala sa Lupa at Tubig, [1] abbreviated as BSWM), is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for advising and rendering assistance on matters relative to the utilization of soils and water as vital agricultural resources.
The benefits of SOM result from several complex, interactive, edaphic factors; a non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention of pollutants, buffering capacity, and the cycling and storage of plant nutrients.
The increased percentage of organic matter improves water infiltration and retention, aeration, and other soil characteristics. The soil is more easily turned or tilled than non-aggregated soil. Further aeration of the soil results from the ability of the root systems of many green manure crops to efficiently penetrate compact soils.
When the organic component of a soil is substantial, the soil is called organic soil rather than mineral soil. A soil is called organic if: Mineral fraction is 0% clay and organic matter is 20% or more; Mineral fraction is 0% to 50% clay and organic matter is between 20% and 30%; Mineral fraction is 50% or more clay and organic matter 30% or ...
RA's primary contributions to soil health is the enhancement of organic matter and microbial activity. A myriad of practices can be used to increase soil organic content, like cover cropping, composting, and crop rotation to improve soil fertility, water retention, and ability to resist soil erosion.
The organic matter in soil derives from plants, animals and microorganisms. In a forest, for example, leaf litter and woody materials fall to the forest floor. This is sometimes referred to as organic material. [9] When it decays to the point in which it is no longer recognizable, it is called soil organic matter.
Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons—the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried.