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The horse hoof contains a structural component known as the "frog", which covers the deeper structure of the hoof known as the digital cushion, a vessel-filled tissue.When the horse places weight on a leg, the ground pushes upward on the frog, compressing it and the underlying digital cushion.
The frog also acts like a pump to move the blood back to the heart, a great distance from the relatively thin leg to the main organ of the circulatory system. [ citation needed ] In the stabled horse, the frog does not wear but degrades, due to bacterial and fungal activity, to an irregular, soft, slashed surface.
Date: May 2009: Source: Did myself based in the information and diagrams found in: "gray's anatomy" thirty sixth edition by Williams & Warwick. "Sobotta Atlas der Anatomie des menschen" volume 1 and 2 18.Auflage by Urban & Schwarzenberg
A lymph heart is an organ which pumps lymph in lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, and flightless birds back into the circulatory system. [1] [2] In some amphibian species, lymph hearts are in pairs, and may number as many as 200 in one animal the size of a worm, while newts and salamanders have as many as 16 to 23 pairs of lymph hearts.
The hoof (including the frog - the V-shaped part on the bottom of the horses hoof) is a very important part of the circulatory system. As the horse puts weight onto the hoof, the hoof wall is pushed outwards and the frog compressed, driving blood out of the frog, the digital pad, and the laminae of the hoof.
The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. [1] [verification needed]In mammals, the sinus venosus exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart where it is found between the two venae cavae; in the adult, the sinus venosus becomes incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus ...
An open circulatory system is made up of a heart, vessels, and hemolymph. This diagram shows how the hemolymph is circulated throughout the body of a grasshopper. The hemolymph is first pumped through the heart, into the aorta, dispersed into the head and throughout the hemocoel, then back through the ostia that are located in the heart, where ...
The anatomy of an insect, with the brain (#5) in teal green and ventral nerve cord (#19) in darkblue. Left, a schematic of the Drosophila central nervous system, including the brain and ventral nerve cord. Right, a cross section of the ventral nerve cord, illustrating sensory input and motor output. Adapted with permission from. [1]