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Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya; Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagía Sophía; Latin: Sancta Sapientia; lit. ' Holy Wisdom '), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque,(Turkish: Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi; Greek: Μεγάλο Τζαμί της Αγίας Σοφίας), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.
[note 1] This rite reached its climax in the Typikon of the Great Church (Hagia Sophia) which was used in only two places, its eponymous cathedral and in the Basilica of Saint Demetrios in Thessalonica; in the latter it survived until the Ottoman conquest and most of what is known of it comes from descriptions in the writings of Saint Symeon of ...
The Basilica of Hagia Sophia of Edessa (Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, meaning "Holy Wisdom") was an ancient Early Christian church and later a Byzantine basilica. It was constructed in the early 3rd century , destroyed in a flood in 525, and restored as a Byzantine basilica by Justinian I .
Solomon and Lady Wisdom by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld, 1860. In the Septuagint, the Greek noun sophia is the translation of Hebrew חכמות ḥoḵma "wisdom". Wisdom is a central topic in the "sapiential" books, i.e. Proverbs, Psalms, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Book of Wisdom, Wisdom of Sirach, and to some extent Baruch (the last three are Deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament).
Hagia Sophia is a cross-in-square style church, topped with a dome. The main room measures 14x14 meters, while its dome is seven meters in diameter and has sixteen windows. [6] [7] The church belongs to the so-called Epirotic octagonal-room with dome type, and is considered to be one of its finest examples. [1]
The most severe of these was the Nika riots of 532, in which an estimated 30,000 people were killed [7] and many important buildings were destroyed, such as the nearby second Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine cathedral. The current (third) Hagia Sophia was built by Justinian I following the Nika riots.
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In what may be the most emblematic of the structures of this period, the classical mosques designed by Sinan and those after him used a dome-based structure, similar to that of Hagia Sophia, but among other things changed the proportions, opened the interior of the structure and freed it from the colonnades and other structural elements that ...