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  2. Ripple marks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple_marks

    Also known as impact ripples, these occur in the lower part of the lower flow regime sands with grain sizes between 0.3-2.5 mm and normal ripples form wavelengths of 7-14 cm. Normal ripples have straight or slightly sinuous crests approximately transverse to the direction of the wind.

  3. Rock cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_cycle

    This diamond is a mineral from within an igneous or metamorphic rock that formed at high temperature and pressure. The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

  4. Wave-formed ripple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-formed_ripple

    Although symmetrical ripples are also called bi-directional ripples there is a difference between them. Bi-directional ripples are rarely symmetrical due to the difference in force of the two directions, where as the wave formed or oscillation ripples form from the circular water movement pattern of water molecules. These ripples form parallel ...

  5. Sedimentary structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_structures

    Wave ripple or symmetric ripple, from Permian rocks in Nomgon, Mongolia with "decapitation" of ripple crests due to change in current. Ripple marks usually form in conditions with flowing water, in the lower part of the Lower Flow Regime. There are two types of ripple marks: Symmetrical ripple marks

  6. Heterolithic bedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterolithic_bedding

    Wavy bedding occurs when mud is deposited over the whole area of a bed of rippled and/or cross stratified sand. It usually loosely follows the alternating concave-convex nature of the ripples creating a wavy appearance. In wavy bedding the ripples are laterally discontinuous. Wavy bedding marks the boundary between flaser and lenticular bedding ...

  7. Sediment transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_transport

    Sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks (sand, gravel, boulders, etc.), mud, or clay; the fluid is air, water, or ice; and the force of gravity acts to move the particles along the sloping surface on which they are resting.

  8. Cementation (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementation_(geology)

    This process is called cementation and is a part of the rock cycle. Cementation involves ions carried in groundwater chemically precipitating to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains. The new pore-filling minerals form "bridges" between original sediment grains, thereby binding them together.

  9. Carbonate–silicate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate–silicate_cycle

    This figure describes the geological aspects and processes of the carbonate silicate cycle, within the long-term carbon cycle. The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle, also known as the inorganic carbon cycle, describes the long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by ...