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The cause is usually a developmental abnormality arising in the early prenatal period, typically failure of obliteration of the second, third, and fourth branchial cleft, i.e. failure of fusion of the second branchial arches and epicardial ridge in lower part of the neck. Branchial cleft cysts account for almost 20% of neck masses in children. [1]
Some cervical thymic cysts may extend into the mediastinum. It is usually asymptomatic. [3] The diagnostic process includes differentiating between other causes of neck masses in infants and children, including branchial cleft cysts and cystic hygromas. The treatment is surgical excision.
A common sign is a neck growth. It may be found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection. [8] Cystic hygromas can grow very large and may affect breathing and swallowing. Some symptoms may include a mass or lump in the mouth, neck, cheek, or tongue. It feels like a large, fluid-filled sac.
An appropriate differential diagnosis depends upon location of the ectopic thymus. For cervical ectopic thymus, the differential diagnosis should include additional causes of neck masses. This includes common causes of neck masses in children, including: thyroglossal duct cyst. [6] [10] branchial cleft cyst. [10] dermoid cyst. [10]
A branchial cyst, according to the Cleveland Clinic, is a small fluid-filled sac that may look like a lump under the skin on the side of the neck. It is considered one of the most common neck mass ...
If a persistent thyroglossal duct becomes fluid filled it will form a thyroglossal duct cyst, which accounts for 70% of congenital neck masses and is the most likely diagnosis if the mass is along the midline of the neck. [3] These cysts are often diagnosed in children under the age of ten and have no particular gender prevalence.
A branchial cyst, a.k.a. a branchial cleft cyst, is a small, fluid-filled sac that an look like a lump under the skin on the side of your neck, according to the Cleveland Clinic. They can appear ...
A thyroglossal cyst or thyroglossal duct cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct. Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages.