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A hardware interrupt is a condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device, e.g., an interrupt request (IRQ) line on a PC, or detected by devices embedded in processor logic (e.g., the CPU timer in IBM System/370), to communicate that the device needs attention from the operating system (OS) [7] or, if there is no OS, from the bare metal ...
In a modern operating system, upon entry the execution context of a hardware interrupt handler is subtle. For reasons of performance, the handler will typically be initiated in the memory and execution context of the running process, to which it has no special connection (the interrupt is essentially usurping the running context—proces
IRQ 9 – Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) system control interrupt on Intel chipsets. [6] And/or left for the use of peripherals (use depends on OS) IRQ 10 – The interrupt is left for the use of peripherals (for example, SCSI or NIC) IRQ 11 – The interrupt is left for the use of peripherals (for example, SCSI or NIC)
MSI (first defined in PCI 2.2) permits a device to allocate 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 interrupts. The device is programmed with an address to write to (this address is generally a control register in an interrupt controller), and a 16-bit data word to identify it. The interrupt number is added to the data word to identify the interrupt. [1]
A pure interrupt system may be possible, though usually some component of polling is also required, as it is very common for multiple potential sources of interrupts to share a common interrupt signal line, in which case polling is used within the device driver to resolve the actual source. (This resolution time also contributes to an interrupt ...
(Before Windows 8 claimed exclusive rights to this timer, it was also used by some programs like CPU-Z.) Under Microsoft Windows the APIC timer is not a shareable resource. [11] The aperiodic interrupts offered by the APIC timer are used by the Linux kernel tickless kernel feature. This optional but default feature is new with 2.6.18. When ...
Windows 8 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft.It was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, made available for download via MSDN and TechNet on August 15, 2012, [6] and generally released for retail on October 26, 2012.
For example, hardware timers send interrupts to the CPU at regular intervals. Most operating systems execute a HLT instruction when there is no immediate work to be done, putting the processor into an idle state. In Windows NT, for example, this instruction is run in the "System Idle Process". On x86 processors, the opcode of HLT is 0xF4.