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  2. Rank–size distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranksize_distribution

    Ranksize distribution is the distribution of size by rank, in decreasing order of size. For example, if a data set consists of items of sizes 5, 100, 5, and 8, the rank-size distribution is 100, 8, 5, 5 (ranks 1 through 4). This is also known as the rank–frequency distribution, when the source data are from a frequency distribution. These ...

  3. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    For example, when corporations are ranked by decreasing size, their sizes are found to be inversely proportional to the rank. [13] The same relation is found for personal incomes (where it is called Pareto principle [14]), number of people watching the same TV channel, [15] notes in music, [16] cells transcriptomes, [17] [18] and more.

  4. Primate city - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate_city

    A primate city distribution is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns and no intermediate-sized urban centers, creating a statistical king effect. [3] The law of the primate city was first proposed by the geographer Mark Jefferson in 1939. [4]

  5. Ranking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking_(statistics)

    In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted.. For example, if the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are observed, the ranks of these data items would be 2, 3, 1 and 4 respectively.

  6. Zipf–Mandelbrot law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf–Mandelbrot_law

    The distribution of words ranked by their frequency in a random text corpus is approximated by a power-law distribution, known as Zipf's law.. If one plots the frequency rank of words contained in a moderately sized corpus of text data versus the number of occurrences or actual frequencies, one obtains a power-law distribution, with exponent close to one (but see Powers, 1998 and Gelbukh ...

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  8. Long tail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_tail

    In business, the term long tail is applied to rank-size distributions or rank-frequency distributions (primarily of popularity), which often form power laws and are thus long-tailed distributions in the statistical sense. This is used to describe the retailing strategy of selling many unique items with relatively small quantities sold of each ...

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