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  2. Biconcave disc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biconcave_disc

    A biconcave disc. In geometry and mathematical biology, a biconcave disc — also referred to as a discocyte [1] — is a geometric shape resembling an oblate spheroid with two concavities on the top and on the bottom. Biconcave discs appear in the study of cell biology, as an approximation to the shape of certain cells, including red blood cells.

  3. Shape of the universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

    An infinite universe (unbounded metric space) means that there are points arbitrarily far apart: for any distance d, there are points that are of a distance at least d apart. A finite universe is a bounded metric space, where there is some distance d such that all points are within distance d of each other.

  4. Hemoglobin A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_A

    Hemoglobin A is the most common adult form of hemoglobin and exists as a tetramer containing two alpha subunits and two beta subunits (α2β2). [3] Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is a less common adult form of hemoglobin and is composed of two alpha and two delta-globin subunits. This hemoglobin makes up 1-3% of hemoglobin in adults.

  5. Red blood cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

    Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros 'red' and kytos 'hollow vessel', with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, [1] erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O 2) to the body tissues—via ...

  6. Pythagorean astronomical system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_astronomical...

    Rather than there being two separate fiery heavenly bodies in this system, Philolaus may have believed that the Sun was a mirror, reflecting the heat and light of the Central Fire. [15] Johannes Kepler , a sixteenth–seventeenth century European thinker, believed that Philolaus's Central Fire was the sun, but that the Pythagoreans felt the ...

  7. Nucleated red blood cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleated_red_blood_cell

    A nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), also known by several other names, is a red blood cell that contains a cell nucleus. Almost all vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin -containing cells in their blood, and with the exception of mammals , all of these red blood cells are nucleated. [ 1 ]

  8. Hereditary elliptocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_elliptocytosis

    Hereditary elliptocytosis, also known as ovalocytosis, is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of the person's red blood cells are elliptical rather than the typical biconcave disc shape. Such morphologically distinctive erythrocytes are sometimes referred to as elliptocytes or ovalocytes.

  9. Symmetry in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology

    All bilaterians have some asymmetrical features; for example, the human heart and liver are positioned asymmetrically despite the body having external bilateral symmetry. [14] The bilateral symmetry of bilaterians is a complex trait which develops due to the expression of many genes. The Bilateria have two axes of polarity.