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Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. [7] It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, [8] and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7 ...
Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10 / ˌ k oʊ k j uː ˈ t ɛ n /), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. [1] [2] [3] It can also be obtained from dietary sources, such as meat, fish, seed oils, vegetables, and dietary supplements.
It was discovered by J. G. Hauge as the third redox cofactor after nicotinamide and flavin in bacteria (although he hypothesised that it was naphthoquinone). [3] Anthony and Zatman also found the unknown redox cofactor in alcohol dehydrogenase.
The study asked 22 people to attend 19 dietary educational sessions over a year, plus complete some educational homework. The researchers then tracked changes in the participant’s weight, diet ...
As part of their adaptation from marine life, terrestrial plants began producing non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (), polyphenols, and tocopherols.The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments – particularly during the Jurassic period – as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that ...
Also in 2012, nanowires of vanadium pentoxide (vanadia, V 2 O 5) were shown to suppress marine biofouling by mimicry of vanadium haloperoxidase, with anticipated ecological benefits. [40] A study at a different centre two years later reported V 2 O 5 showing mimicry of glutathione peroxidase in vitro in mammalian cells, suggesting future ...
Vitamins can serve as precursors to many organic cofactors (e.g., vitamins B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12, niacin, folic acid) or as coenzymes themselves (e.g., vitamin C). However, vitamins do have other functions in the body. [29] Many organic cofactors also contain a nucleotide, such as the electron carriers NAD and FAD, and coenzyme A, which carries ...
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