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  2. Mucociliary clearance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucociliary_clearance

    Mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucociliary transport, or the mucociliary escalator describes the self-clearing mechanism of the airways in the respiratory system. [1] It is one of the two protective processes for the lungs in removing inhaled particles including pathogens before they can reach the delicate tissue of the lungs.

  3. Respiratory epithelium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_epithelium

    The cells in the respiratory epithelium are of five main types: a) ciliated cells, b) goblet cells, c) brush cells, d) airway basal cells, and e) small granule cells (NDES) [6] Goblet cells become increasingly fewer further down the respiratory tree until they are absent in the terminal bronchioles; club cells take over their role to some extent here. [7]

  4. Airway basal cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_basal_cell

    The hyperplasia of airway basal cells is the earliest indication of smoking-related abnormality in the lung. [4] [1] This is followed by shortened cilia, loss of ciliated cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, and loss of cell junctions giving a leaky epithelial barrier. With persistent stress from smoking, the basal cells become disarranged and lose ...

  5. Cilium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilium

    Mammals also have motile cilia or secondary cilia that are usually present on a cell's surface in large numbers (multiciliate), and beat in coordinated metachronal waves. [40] Multiciliated cells are found lining the respiratory tract where they function in mucociliary clearance sweeping mucus containing debris away from the lungs . [ 13 ]

  6. Primary ciliary dyskinesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_ciliary_dyskinesia

    Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliopathy, that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells. The alternative name of "immotile ciliary syndrome" is no longer favored as the cilia do ...

  7. Respiratory tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract

    The lungs are the largest organs in the lower respiratory tract. The lungs are suspended within the pleural cavity of the thorax. The pleurae are two thin membranes, one cell layer thick, which surround the lungs. The inner (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and the outer (parietal pleura) lines the inner surface of the chest wall. This ...

  8. Ciliogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliogenesis

    Cilia Structure. Primary cilia are found to be formed when a cell exits the cell cycle. [2] Cilia consist of four main compartments: the basal body at the base, the transition zone, the axenome which is an arrangement of nine doublet microtubules and considered to be the core of the cilium, and the ciliary membrane. [2]

  9. Lung - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung

    The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. [67] The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier . [ 34 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] This thin membrane (about 0.5 –2 μm thick) is folded into about 300 million alveoli, providing an extremely large surface area (estimates ...