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  2. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    Complementarily, the false negative rate (FNR) is the proportion of positives which yield negative test outcomes with the test, i.e., the conditional probability of a negative test result given that the condition being looked for is present. In statistical hypothesis testing, this fraction is given the letter β.

  3. Type I and type II errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors

    In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error, or a false positive, is the rejection of the null hypothesis when it is actually true. A type II error, or a false negative, is the failure to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false. [1] Type I error: an innocent person may be convicted. Type II error: a guilty person may be not convicted.

  4. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The negative predictive value is defined as: = + = where a "true negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard, and a "false negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard.

  5. Pre- and post-test probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-_and_post-test_probability

    Negative posttest probability = 1 - (True negatives / (False negatives + True negatives)) The validity of the equations above also depend on that the sample from the population does not have substantial sampling bias that make the groups of those who have the condition and those who do not substantially disproportionate from corresponding ...

  6. Negative probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_probability

    Note that when a quasi-probability is larger than 1, then 1 minus this value gives a negative probability. In the reliable facility location context, the truly physically verifiable observation is the facility disruption states (whose probabilities are ensured to be within the conventional range [0,1]), but there is no direct information on the ...

  7. How common are false-positive COVID tests? Experts weigh in.

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/common-false-positive...

    The probability for false positives varies by each type of home test, but Ellume specifically says on its online FAQs that "there is a chance that this test can give a positive result that is ...

  8. Power (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(statistics)

    Picking a smaller value to tighten the threshold, so as to reduce the chance of a false positive, would also reduce power, increase the chance of a false negative. Some statistical tests will inherently produce better power, albeit often at the cost of requiring stronger assumptions.

  9. Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_ratios_in...

    Posttest probability = 0.111 / (0.111 + 1) = 0.1 or 10%; As demonstrated, the positive post-test probability is numerically equal to the positive predictive value; the negative post-test probability is numerically equal to (1 − negative predictive value).