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The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder produce a high tensile force, and help to pull the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity is shallow and contains the glenoid labrum which deepens it and aids stability. With 120 degrees of unassisted flexion, the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body.
The shoulder joint is considered a ball-and-socket joint. However, in bony terms the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint. [1] [2]
Shoulder problems, including pain, are common [20] and can relate to any of the structures within the shoulder. [21] The primary cause of shoulder pain is a rotator cuff tear . [ 20 ] The supraspinatus is most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear, [ 22 ] but other parts of the rotator cuff may also be involved.
Goniometer made by Develey le Jeune in Lausanne, late 18th–early 19th century. A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία 'angle' and μέτρον 'measure'. [1]
A common cause of shoulder pain in rotator cuff impingement syndrome is tendinosis, which is an age-related and most often self-limiting condition. [ 14 ] Studies show that there is moderate evidence that hypothermia (cold therapy) and exercise therapy used together are more effective than simply waiting for surgery and they suggest the best ...
The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder.The word glenoid is pronounced / ˈ ɡ l iː n ɔɪ d / or / ˈ ɡ l ɛ n ɔɪ d / (both are common) and is from Greek: gléne, "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. [1]
In anatomy, flexor is a muscle that contracts to perform flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend), [1] a movement that decreases the angle between the bones converging at a joint. For example, one's elbow joint flexes when one brings their hand closer to the shoulder , thus decreasing the angle between the upper arm and the forearm .
Anatomical structures are often described in relation to landmarks, such as the umbilicus, sternum, or anatomical lines like the midclavicular line (from the center of the clavicle). The term cephalon or cephalic region refers to the head, which is further divided into the cranium (skull), facies (face), frons (forehead), oculus (eye area ...
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