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Canaan (/ ˈ k eɪ n ən /; Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 – KNʿN; [1] Hebrew: כְּנַעַן – Kənáʿan, in pausa כְּנָעַן – Kənāʿan; Biblical Greek: Χαναάν – Khanaán; [2] Arabic: كَنْعَانُ – Kan'ān) was a Semitic-speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC.
A distinction is made between the main subregions of the Levant, the northern and the southern: [5] The Litani River marks the division between the Northern Levant and the Southern Levant. [5] The island of Cyprus is also included as a third subregion in the archaeological region of the Levant: [5]
Anatomically modern Homo sapiens are demonstrated at the area of Mount Carmel [8] in Canaan during the Middle Paleolithic dating from c. 90,000 BC.These migrants out of Africa seem to have been unsuccessful, [9] and by c. 60,000 BC in the Levant, Neanderthal groups seem to have benefited from the worsening climate and replaced Homo sapiens, who were possibly confined once more to Africa.
The Northern Levant is a geographical region in the Eastern Mediterranean, encompassing the northern part of the Levant, between the Mediterranean in the west and the eastern deserts, going south as far as Lebanon's Litani River.
After the Islamic conquest of the region, the term was applied to the Levant (Byzantine Syria). [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In ancient times, Baalshamin or Ba'al Šamem ( Imperial Aramaic : ܒܥܠ ܫܡܝܢ , romanized: Lord of Heaven(s) ), [ 14 ] [ 15 ] was a Semitic sky-god in Canaan / Phoenicia and ancient Palmyra .
The region of Palestine, [iii] also known as historic Palestine, [1] [2] [3] is a geographical area in West Asia. It includes modern-day Israel and the State of Palestine, as well as parts of northwestern Jordan in some definitions. Other names for the region include Canaan, the Promised Land, the Land of Israel, or the Holy Land.
This territory, known as the Levant, is roughly the areas of modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, western Jordan, and western Syria. Canaan's firstborn son was Sidon, who shares his name with the Phoenician city of Sidon in present-day Lebanon. [5] His second son was Heth. Canaan's descendants, according to the Hebrew Bible, include: Sidonians
Numbers 34:1–13 uses the term Canaan strictly for the land west of the Jordan, but Land of Israel is used in Jewish tradition to denote the entire land of the Israelites. The English expression "Promised Land" can denote either the land promised to Abraham in Genesis or the land of Canaan, although the latter meaning is more common.