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This shows the typical layout of a simple computer's program memory with the text, various data, and stack and heap sections. Historically, BSS (from Block Started by Symbol) is a pseudo-operation in UA-SAP (United Aircraft Symbolic Assembly Program), the assembler developed in the mid-1950s for the IBM 704 by Roy Nutt, Walter Ramshaw, and others at United Aircraft Corporation.
It is the fastest and most flexible cache organization that uses an associative memory. The associative memory stores both the address and content of the memory word. [further explanation needed] In the boot process of some computers, a memory map may be passed on from the firmware to instruct an operating system kernel about memory layout. It ...
Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) integrated on the same die or multi-chip module (MCM) [1] of an application-specific integrated circuit or microprocessor. eDRAM's cost-per-bit is higher when compared to equivalent standalone DRAM chips used as external memory, but the performance advantages of placing eDRAM onto the ...
12 (15 with load & store/retire) 1400 250, 180, 130 nm 2000 NetBurst (Pentium 4) (Willamette) 20 unified with branch prediction 2000 180 nm 2002 NetBurst (Pentium 4) (Northwood, Gallatin) 3466 130 nm 2003 Pentium M (Banias, Dothan) Enhanced Pentium M (Yonah) 10 (12 with fetch/ retire) 2333 130, 90, 65 nm 2004 NetBurst (Pentium 4, Pentium D)
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the C Standards Committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded systems. Embedded C programming typically requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support enhanced microprocessor features such as fixed ...
Relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the code and data to reflect the assigned addresses. [1] [2] Prior to the advent of multiprocess systems, and still in many embedded systems, the addresses for objects are absolute starting at a known location, often zero.
Flat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." [1] The CPU can directly (and linearly) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of bank switching, memory segmentation or paging schemes.
The MRC is part of reference BIOS code, which relates to memory initialization in the BIOS. It includes information about memory settings, frequency, timing, driving and detailed operations of the memory controller. The MRC is written in a C-language code, which can be edited and compiled by board makers. It provides a space to develop advanced ...