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They allow for flexion and extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine. Pathological processes that can occur in these joints include degenerative changes or hypertrophic arthritis, resulting in foraminal stenosis and nerve compression. Foraminal stenosis at this joint is the most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure.
Mathern GW, Batzdorf U. Grisel's syndrome: Cervical spine clinical, pathologic, and neurologic manifestations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Jul;(244):131-46. C Bocciolini, D Dall'Olio, E Cunsolo, PP Cavazzuti, and P Laudadio, Grisel's syndrome: a rare complication following adenoidectomy, Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005 August; 25(4): 245–249.
The three categories treated for types of spinal cord deficiencies are massive fusion of the cervical spine (Type I), the fusion of 1 or 2 vertebrae (Type II), and the presence of thoracic and lumbar spine anomalies in association with type I or type II Klippel–Feil syndrome (Type III). [citation needed]
The sensation can feel like it goes up or down the spine. It is painful for some, although others might simply feel strange sensations. [1] In many people, it is elicited by bending the head forward. [2] It can also be evoked when a practitioner pounds on the cervical spine while the neck is flexed; this is caused by involvement of the ...
cervical lymph node: CLND: cervical lymph node dissection complete lymph node dissection: CLP: cleft lip and palate: CLS: capillary leak syndrome: CM: Chirurgiae Magister, Master of Surgery (British and Commonwealth countries medical degree) Caucasian male cardiomyopathy: CMD: cystic medial degeneration: CME: continuing medical education: CML
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
The spinal nerves arise from the spinal column. The top section of the spine is the cervical section, which contains nerves that innervate muscles of the head, neck and thoracic cavity, as well as transmit sensory information to the CNS. The cervical spine section contains seven vertebrae, C-1 through C-7, and eight nerve pairs, C-1 through C-8.
Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).