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In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle). The theorem is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). [ 1 ]
This is a direct consequence of the inscribed angle theorem and the exterior angle theorem. There are no cyclic quadrilaterals with rational area and with unequal rational sides in either arithmetic or geometric progression. [26] If a cyclic quadrilateral has side lengths that form an arithmetic progression the quadrilateral is also ex-bicentric.
For four points in order around a circle, Ptolemy's inequality becomes an equality, known as Ptolemy's theorem: ¯ ¯ + ¯ ¯ = ¯ ¯. In the inversion-based proof of Ptolemy's inequality, transforming four co-circular points by an inversion centered at one of them causes the other three to become collinear, so the triangle equality for these three points (from which Ptolemy's inequality may ...
More generally, a polygon in which all vertices are concyclic is called a cyclic polygon. A polygon is cyclic if and only if the perpendicular bisectors of its edges are concurrent. [10] Every regular polygon is a cyclic polygon. For a cyclic polygon with an odd number of sides, all angles are equal if and only if the polygon is regular.
Pages in category "Theorems about quadrilaterals and circles" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
A formula for the area K of a cyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral in terms of the four sides is obtained directly when combining Ptolemy's theorem and the formula for the area of an orthodiagonal quadrilateral. The result is [10]: p.222 = (+).
This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.
The theorem states that for a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle, the product of the lengths of the diagonals equals the sum of the products of the two pairs of lengths of opposite sides. The derivations of trigonometric identities rely on a cyclic quadrilateral in which one side is a diameter of the circle.