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The Product Life Cycle Theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher–Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product's life-cycle all the parts and labor associated with that product come from the area where it was ...
Each industry has several life-cycle models to consider, but most are relatively similar. Below is one possible life-cycle model; while it emphasizes hardware-oriented products, similar phases would describe any form of product or service, including non-technical or software-based products: [16]
The goals of product life cycle management (PLM) are to reduce time to market, improve product quality, reduce prototyping costs, identify potential sales opportunities and revenue contributions, maintain and sustain operational serviceability, and reduce environmental impacts at end-of-life.
Life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis involves creating an inventory of flows from and to nature (ecosphere) for a product system. [32] It is the process of quantifying raw material and energy requirements, atmospheric emissions, land emissions, water emissions, resource uses, and other releases over the life cycle of a product or process. [33]
A company's place on the matrix depends on two dimensions – the process structure/process lifecycle and the product structure/product lifecycles. [2] The process structure/process lifecycle is composed of the process choice (job shop, batch, assembly line, and continuous flow) and the process structure (jumbled flow, disconnected line flow, connected line flow and continuous flow). [2]
The C2C concept ignores the use phase of a product. According to variants of life-cycle assessment (see: Life-cycle assessment § Variants) the entire life cycle of a product or service has to be evaluated, not only the material itself. For many goods e.g. in transport, the use phase has the most influence on the environmental footprint.
Life-cycle assessment (LCA or life cycle analysis) is a technique used to assess potential environmental impacts of a product at different stages of its life. This technique takes a "cradle-to-grave" or a "cradle-to-cradle" approach and looks at environmental impacts that occur throughout the lifetime of a product from raw material extraction, manufacturing and processing, distribution, use ...
Product literature is a primary subset of business publishing that is geared toward the selection, purchase and subsequent use of a business' products. Product literature is intended to be created and distributed by the manufacturer alongside the product. The two components are designed to work in tandem so as to provide more information to the ...