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Common abnormalities include those that affect the heart muscle that separates the two side of the heart (a "hole in the heart", e.g. ventricular septal defect). Other defects include those affecting the heart valves (e.g. congenital aortic stenosis), or the main blood vessels that lead from the heart (e.g. coarctation of the aorta).
In IBM, two processes appear to occur in the muscles in parallel, one autoimmune and the other degenerative. Inflammation is evident from the invasion of muscle fibers by immune cells. Degeneration is characterized by the appearance of holes, deposits of abnormal proteins, and filamentous inclusions in the muscle fibers.
Congenital heart disease refers to heart problems that you’re born with, like holes in the heart, malformed valves, and others. Some examples of congenital heart disease include : Pulmonary ...
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare congenital disease of heart muscle that affects both children and adults. [1] It results from abnormal prenatal development of heart muscle. [2] [3] During development, the majority of the heart muscle is a sponge-like meshwork of interwoven myocardial fibers.
A VSD can cause a left-to-right shunt of blood flow in the heart and is one of the most common of the congenital heart defects. This type of shunt is an acyanotic disorder that can result in ventricular hypertrophy. [4] The alignment of interventricular septum and interatrial septum is disturbed in various congenital heart diseases. [5]
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, the others being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart .
Amyloid cardiomyopathy (stiff heart syndrome) [5] is a condition resulting in the death of part of the myocardium (heart muscle). It is associated with the systemic production and release of many amyloidogenic proteins , especially immunoglobulin light chain or transthyretin (TTR). [ 6 ]
Ventricular aneurysms are usually complications resulting from a heart attack. When the heart muscle (cardiac muscle) partially dies during a heart attack, a layer of muscle may survive, and, being severely weakened, start to become an aneurysm. Blood may flow into the surrounding dead muscle and inflate the weakened flap of muscle into a bubble.