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It allows a V6 or V8 engine to "turn off" half of the cylinders under light-load conditions to improve fuel economy. Estimated performance on EPA tests shows a 5.5–7.5% improvement in fuel economy. [1] GM's Active Fuel Management [2] technology used a solenoid to deactivate the lifters on selected cylinders of a pushrod V-layout engine.
These may improve fuel economy because the engine runs slightly lean as a consequence. However, running leaner than the manufacturer intended can cause overheating, piston damage, loss of maximum power and poor emissions (e.g., higher NOx due to higher combustion temperatures, or, if misfiring occurs, greater hydrocarbon emissions).
According to the EPA, "fixing a car that is noticeably out of tune or has failed an emissions test can improve its gas mileage by an average of 4%, though results vary based on the kind of repair ...
This, in turn, decreases the resistance the engine must overcome to suck air in. The net effect is for the engine to intake the same amount of oxygen (and thus burn the same amount of fuel, producing the same power) but with less pumping losses, allowing for a gain in fuel economy, at the expense of top-end power.
Once fully locked, the torque converter no longer applies torque multiplication and will spin at the same speed as the engine. This provides a major increase in fuel economy. Modern designs provide partial lockup in lower gears to improve fuel economy further, but this can increase wear on the clutch components.
EGR valve the top of box on top of the inlet manifold of a Saab H engine in a 1987 Saab 90. In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. [1]
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