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Molecular classification of breast cancer from mRNA expression profiles. DNA microarrays have compared normal cells to breast cancer cells and found differences in the expression of hundreds of genes. Although the significance of many of those genetic differences is unknown, independent analyses by different research groups has found that ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Patient with locally advanced invasive breast cancer may be offered neoadjuvant systemic therapy and evaluated for tumor response prior to surgery, radiation, and adjuvant therapy. [31] Prophylactic treatment may be an option for those with genetic predisposition to breast cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. During the early twentieth century it was primarily treated by surgery, when the mastectomy was developed. [ 1 ] However, with the advancement of technology and surgical skills in recent years, mastectomies have become less invasive. [ 2 ]
Breast cancer chemotherapy; Clinical Breast Cancer; Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer; Comedocarcinoma; Template:Comparison of early clinical experience with antiestrogens for advanced breast cancer; Cultural differences in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Metastatic breast cancer can be treated, sometimes for many years, but it cannot be cured. [2] Distant metastases are the cause of about 90% of deaths due to breast cancer. [3] Breast cancer can metastasize anywhere in body but primarily metastasizes to the bone, lungs, regional lymph nodes, liver and brain, with the most common site being the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the ...
A denser breast is more likely to develop breast cancer. [19] A dense breast is characterized by a meaningful amount of fibrous tissue , relatively to the adipose one. The main constituents of a fibrous tissue are water, collagen and hemoglobin and optical mammography is able to discriminate and quantify tissues' components. [ 2 ]
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