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In a healthy heart, the SA node continuously produces action potentials, setting the rhythm of the heart (sinus rhythm), and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate of action potentials produced (and therefore the heart rate) is influenced by the nerves that supply it. [2]
The only cardiac nerves which do not enter into the formation of the deep part of the cardiac plexus are the superior cardiac nerve of the left sympathetic trunk, and the lower of the two superior cervical cardiac branches from the left vagus nerve, which pass to the superficial part of the plexus.
The cardiac nerves are autonomic nerves which supply the heart. [1] They include: Superior cardiac nerve [1] (nervus cardiacus cervicalis superior) Middle cardiac nerve [1] (nervus cardiacus cervicalis medius) Inferior cardiac nerve [1] (nervus cardiacus inferior)
The two nerves acting on the heart are the vagus nerve, which slows heart rate down by emitting acetylcholine, and the accelerans nerve which speeds it up by emitting noradrenaline. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This results in an increased blood flow , preparing the body for a sudden increase in activity.
The heart is a muscular organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. [1] Heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. [2] The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissue, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. [3]
The superior cardiac nerve arises by two or more branches from the superior cervical ganglion, and occasionally receives a filament from the trunk between the first and second cervical ganglia. It runs down the neck behind the common carotid artery , and in front of the Longus colli muscle ; and crosses in front of the inferior thyroid artery ...
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The accelerator nerves increase the heart rate. They cause the heart to beat with more force, which then increases blood pressure. [2] While accelerator nerves increase the heart rate which then increases blood pressure, the accelerans nerve speeds it up by emitting noradrenaline. This results in an increased bloodflow. [3]