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Supraglottic airways in increasing order of invasiveness are nasopharyngeal (NPA), oropharyngeal (OPA), and laryngeal mask airways (LMA). Laryngeal mask airways can even be used to deliver general anesthesia or intubate a patient through the device. These are followed by infraglottic techniques, such as tracheal intubation and finally surgical ...
The laryngeal mask revolutionised anaesthetic practice and by 1995 had been used in excess of 100 million patients and was available in more than 80 countries throughout the world. The laryngeal mask had now been widely accepted as a form of airway management. [9] From 1988 to 2017, more than 200 million patients used laryngeal mask. [citation ...
If non-comatose patients are given muscle relaxants before the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway, they may gag and aspirate when the drugs are worn off. At that point, the laryngeal mask airway should be removed immediately to eliminate the gag response and buy time to start at new alternative intubation technique. [citation needed]
While Mallampati classes I and II are associated with relatively easy intubation, classes III and IV are associated with increased difficulty. A systematic review of 42 studies, with 34,513 participants, found that the modified Mallampati score is a good predictor of difficult direct laryngoscopy and intubation, but poor at predicting difficult ...
The head is in a dependent position so that fluid can drain from the patient's airway; the chin is well up to keep the epiglottis opened. Arms and legs are locked to stabilize the position of the patient. The jaw-thrust maneuver is an effective airway technique, particularly in the patient in whom cervical spine injury is a concern.
The laryngeal tube is also recommended for medical personnel not experienced in tracheal intubation, and as a rescue device when intubation has failed in adults. [16] According to the manufacturer the use of Laryngeal tubes is contraindicated in people with an intact gag reflex , known oesophageal disease , and people who have ingested caustic ...
Inflation of the cuff in the esophagus allows a level of protection against aspiration of gastric content similar to that found in the laryngeal mask. [2] The simplicity of placement is the main advantage of the Combitube over endotracheal intubation. When intubating with a traditional endotracheal tube, care must be taken to visually ensure ...
Alternative techniques for airway management and delivery of oxygen, volatile anesthetics or other breathing gases include the laryngeal mask airway, i-gel, cuffed oropharyngeal airway, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP mask), nasal BiPAP mask, simple face mask, and nasal cannula.