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[1] [2] Types of ankle fractures include lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures. [1] The Ottawa ankle rule can help determine the need for X-rays. [2] Special X-ray views called stress views help determine whether an ankle fracture is unstable. Treatment depends on the fracture type.
Before the introduction of the rules most patients with ankle injuries would have been imaged. However the vast majority of patients with unclear ankle injuries do not have bone fractures. [1] As a result, many unnecessary X-rays were taken, which was costly, time-consuming and a slight health risk due to radiation exposure.
A bimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Studies have shown [ 1 ] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities.
A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior malleolus. The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation. [1]
A fractured fibula in addition to detaching the medial malleolus will tear the tibiofibular syndesmosis. [2] The combined fracture of the medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, and the posterior margin of the distal end of the tibia is known as a "trimalleolar fracture". [3] An example of Pott's fracture would be in a sports tackling injury.
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. [2] It is thus a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. [3]
Studies have shown [3] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities. [3] A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior ...
In 78% of cases, a fracture of the fibula is associated with a tibial fracture. [6] Since the fibula is smaller and weaker than the tibia, a force strong enough to fracture the tibia often fractures the fibula as well. Types include: Trimalleolar fracture - involving the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus and the distal posterior aspect of the ...