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In Greek mythology, Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Ancient Greek: Πλάτων or Πλάτωνα Plátōn, pronounced [plá.tɔːn] means 'broad-shouldered') was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, [2] Nonacris [3] or by unknown woman.
Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn, born c. 428-423 BC, died 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
The Myth of Er (/ ɜːr /; Ancient Greek: Ἤρ, romanized: ér, gen.: Ἠρός ) is a legend that concludes Plato 's Republic (10.614–10.621). The story includes an account of the cosmos and the afterlife that greatly influenced religious, philosophical, and scientific thought for many centuries.
Plato's allegory of the cave by Jan Saenredam, according to Cornelis van Haarlem, 1604, Albertina, Vienna. Plato's allegory of the cave is an allegory presented by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work Republic (514a–520a, Book VII) to compare "the effect of education (παιδεία) and the lack of it on our nature".
The Ring of Gyges / ˈ dʒ aɪ ˌ dʒ iː z / (Ancient Greek: Γύγου Δακτύλιος, Gúgou Daktúlios, Attic Greek pronunciation: [ˈɡyːˌɡoː dakˈtylios]) is a hypothetical magic ring mentioned by the philosopher Plato in Book 2 of his Republic (2:359a–2:360d). [1] It grants its owner the power to become invisible at will.
Plato makes reference to great floods in several of his dialogues, including Timaeus, Critias, and Laws.In Timaeus (22) and in Critias (111–112) he describes the "great deluge of all", specifying the one survived by Deucalion and Pyrrha, as having been preceded by 9,000 years of history before the time of Solon, during the 10th millennium BCE.
Greek allegory arguably began with personifications in Greek mythology (Eros is love, Athena is wisdom). Greek philosophical allegory may have begun with Parmenides or Empedocles but is clear in Socrates' friend, Prodicus the Sophist, and his famous tale of "Hercules at the Crossroads".
Plato in Cratylus (397 e) recounts the golden race of humans who came first. He clarifies that Hesiod did not mean literally made of gold, but good and noble. In classical Greek mythology, the Golden Age was presided over by the leading Titan Cronus; [3] in Latin authors it was associated with the god Saturn. [4]