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  2. Variation (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation_(linguistics)

    Variation is a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing in a given language. Variation can exist in domains such as pronunciation (e.g., more than one way of pronouncing the same phoneme or the same word), lexicon (e.g., multiple words with the same meaning), grammar (e.g., different syntactic constructions expressing the same grammatical function), and ...

  3. Age-graded variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age-graded_variation

    Children in Scotland and Northern England soon learn that the use of the glottal stop is considered inferior to the use of /t/ and are taught to correct themselves from an early age. [dubious – discuss] Variation between the glottal stop and /t/ is mostly seen within the middle class due to pressure from adults. This case study provides an ...

  4. Language change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_change

    Language change is the process of alteration in the features of a single language, or of languages in general, over time. It is studied in several subfields of linguistics : historical linguistics , sociolinguistics , and evolutionary linguistics .

  5. Language shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_shift

    Then, in mixed-language marriages, children would speak the "higher-status" language, yielding the language/Y-chromosome correlation seen today. Assimilation is the process whereby a speech-community becomes bilingual and gradually shifts allegiance to the second language.

  6. Language delay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_delay

    Language development for children with language delay takes longer than the general timeline provided above. [6] It is not only slower, but also presents itself in different forms. For example, a child with a language delay could have weaker language skills such as the ability to produce phrases at 24 months-old. [6]

  7. Penelope Eckert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_Eckert

    She not only studies the change in children's and teenagers' vernacular in California, but she also analyses how the language and vowels are pronounced. [23] Both Eckert and her graduate students from Stanford University created a study called "Voices of California", which examines English language variation in different parts of California. [24]

  8. Apparent-time hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent-time_hypothesis

    The apparent-time hypothesis is a methodological construct in sociolinguistics whereby language change is studied by comparing the speech of individuals of different ages. If language change is taking place, the apparent-time hypothesis assumes that older generations will represent an earlier form of the language and that younger generations will represent a later form.

  9. Individual variation in second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_variation_in...

    Individual variation in second-language acquisition is the study of why some people learn a second language better than others. Unlike children who acquire a language, adults learning a second language rarely reach the same level of competence as native speakers of that language. Some may stop studying a language before they have fully ...