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Whiteness theory is a field within whiteness studies concerned with what white identity means in terms of social, political, racial, economic, culture, etc. [1] Whiteness theory posits that if some Western societies make whiteness central to their respective national and cultural identities, their white populations may become blind to the privilege associated with White identity.
White identity has been researched in data and polling, historically and in social sciences. There are however polarized positions in media and academia as to whether a positive white racial identity which does not diminish other racial groups is plausible or achievable in the Western world's political climate. [citation needed]
Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, [1] the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, [2] and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviors of white people. [3]
Marx came to the conclusion that white gods "figure in almost every indigenous culture in the Americas." [13] [14] The British writer Harold T. Wilkins took the concept of the white gods the furthest, writing that a vanished white race had occupied the whole of South America in ancient times. [15] Wilkins also claimed that Quetzalcoatl was from ...
The medieval Arab world used various terminology for people in reference to their skin colour with terms like al-bidan and al-abyad meaning "white people" and al-Sudan and Zanj meaning "black people". [126] [127] In general in the Arab world, the term "white" was used to refer to Arabs, Persians, Greeks, Turks, Slavs, and other peoples in the ...
The White racial identity attitude scale was developed by African American Psychologists, Janet Helms and Robert Carter in 1990. It was designed and consists of 50 items to help understand the attitudes reflecting the five-status model of the White racial identity development (contact, disintegration, reintegration/pseudo independence, immersion/emersion, and autonomy). [5]
Sociologists Betty A. Dobratz and Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile identified "White Power! White Pride!" as "a much-used chant of white separatist movement supporters", [5] and sociologist Mitch Berbrier has identified the use of this phrase as part of a "new racist ... frame-transformation and frame-alignment by (a) consciously packaging a 'hate-free' racism, (b) developing strategies of ...
The term "White race" or "White people", defined by their light skin among other physical characteristics, entered the major European languages in the later seventeenth century, when the concept of a "unified White" achieved greater acceptance in Europe, in the context of racialized slavery and social status in the European colonies.