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Bell Labs [b] is an American industrial research and development (R&D) company, currently operating as a subsidiary of Finnish technology company Nokia.With a long history, Bell Labs is credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages ...
NASA spin-off technologies are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of NASA, through research and development contracts, such as Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) or STTR awards, licensing of NASA patents, use of NASA facilities, technical assistance from NASA personnel, or data from NASA research.
Edward Mills Purcell and Felix Bloch shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries. [91] 1950: Polio vaccine (1950–63): Hilary Koprowski, Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin. 1952: The maser, a precursor to the laser, was described by Russian scientists in 1952, and built independently by scientists at Columbia University in 1953.
Company name Spacecraft Range Launch system Crew size Length (m) Diameter (m) Launch mass (kg) Power system First spaceflight* Status Blue Origin: Biconic Space Vehicle LEO: New Glenn: Planned date not known Development Boeing: CST-100 Starliner: LEO: Multiple, initially Atlas V: 7 [16] 5.03 [17] 4.56 [17] 13,000 Solar panels Crewed: 5 June 2024
Today many commercial space transportation companies offer launch services to satellite companies and government space organizations around the world. In 2005, there were 18 total commercial launches and 37 non-commercial launches. Russia flew 44% of commercial orbital launches, while Europe had 28% and the United States had 6%. [49]
Congress eventually approved funding of US$36 million for 1978, and the design of the LST began in earnest, aiming for a launch date of 1983. [27] In 1983, the telescope was named after Edwin Hubble, [30] who confirmed one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 20th century, made by Georges Lemaître, that the universe is expanding. [31]
The dates listed in this section refer to the earliest evidence of an invention found and dated by archaeologists (or in a few cases, suggested by indirect evidence). Dates are often approximate and change as more research is done, reported and seen. Older examples of any given technology are often found.
First private company to successfully launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft. SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 1: 25 May 2012: First private company to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). [124] SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2: 22 December 2015: First landing of an orbital-class rocket's first stage on land. Falcon 9 Flight 20: 8 April ...