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Several non-human animal species are said to engage in apparent recreational drug use, that is, the intentional ingestion of psychoactive substances in their environment for pleasure, though claims of such behavior in the wild are often controversial. [1]
Psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, caffeine, amphetamine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, chloral hydrate, theophylline, IBMX and others, have been studied on certain animals. It is believed that plants developed caffeine as a chemical defense against insects. [1]
Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record; Hallucinogenic fish; List of plants used for smoking; List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms; List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation; List of substances used in rituals; Medicinal fungi
The Maya ritually administered alcohol enemas as an entheogen, sometimes adding other psychoactive substances, seeking to reach a state of ecstasy. Syringes of gourd and clay were used to inject the fluid. [94] Alcohol replaced peyote as Native Americans' psychoactive agent of choice in rituals when peyote was outlawed. [95] Balché: Alcohol ...
Another powerful animal tranquilizer has made its way into street drugs, ... More than 107,000 people died of a drug overdose last year, down from about 111,000 in 2022, according to a recent ...
A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. [1] The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions.
“The drug market now is more dangerous than I’ve ever seen it,” Bridget Brennan, the special narcotics prosecutor for New York, told NBC News in August after pink cocaine — commonly used ...
The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 were a series of controversial animal testing experiments that were conducted on primates to study the effects of various psychoactive substances. The trials shed light on the profound effects of drug addiction and withdrawal in primates, pioneering critical insights into human substance abuse.