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The molecule is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cell types, most notably breast cancer. As such, antibodies against HER2/neu have been FDA approved for clinical treatment of cancer under the drug name Herceptin. There are commercially available immunohistochemical tests, Dako HercepTest, [26] Leica Biosystems Oracle [27] and Ventana ...
The ERT has been suggested as a predictor for the level of success of the use of endocrine therapy in cancer treatment. Many of the endocrine therapies for breast cancer treatments involve the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). SERMs, such as tamoxifen, are ER antagonists in breast tissue. Estrogen receptor tests are used in ...
Molecular classification of breast cancer from mRNA expression profiles. DNA microarrays have compared normal cells to breast cancer cells and found differences in the expression of hundreds of genes. Although the significance of many of those genetic differences is unknown, independent analyses by different research groups has found that ...
The estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2/neu protein, when expressed by breast cancer tumor cells, are therapeutic targets for treating various forms of breast cancer including ICCB. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] ICCB tumors also typically have cells that express cytokeratin proteins but not myoepithelial marker proteins such as tumor protein 63 ...
Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a cytogenetic technique that combines the chromogenic signal detection method of immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques with in situ hybridization. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was developed around the year 2000 as an alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of HER-2/neu oncogene ...
Estrogen receptors are over-expressed in around 70% of breast cancer cases, referred to as "ER-positive", and can be demonstrated in such tissues using immunohistochemistry. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain why this causes tumorigenesis , and the available evidence suggests that both mechanisms contribute:
Immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin 5/6 antibodies in usual ductal hyperplasia, showing a mosaic pattern, predominantly in the central zone. Cytokeratin 5/6 antibodies are antibodies that target both cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 6. [1] These are used in immunohistochemistry, often called CK 5/6 staining, [2] including the following applications:
HER2 testing is performed on breast biopsy of breast cancer patients to assess prognosis and to determine suitability for trastuzumab therapy. It is important that trastuzumab is restricted to HER2-positive individuals as it is expensive and has been associated with cardiac toxicity. [ 41 ]