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There are numerous indications for tympanostomy in the pediatric age group, [1] [10] the most frequent including chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) which is unresponsive to antibiotics, and recurrent otitis media.
Tympanostomy tubes should not be inserted in children who have only one episode of otitis media with effusion that lasts less than three months. [1] [7] [8] While tympanostomy tubes are commonly used in children, they are seldom used in adults. Options for use in adults include: Persistent eustachian tube dysfunction. [6]
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
Long term otitis media (or 'glue ear') [2] Insertion of a tympanostomy tube. [4] [5] [6] If aspiration is performed as part of the insertion, the risk of tympanosclerosis occurring increases. [7] Risk also increases if a larger tube is used, [8] or if the procedure is repeated. [9] Atherosclerosis [10]
Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
The fluid or pus comes from a middle ear infection (otitis media), which is a common problem in children. A tympanostomy tube is inserted into the eardrum to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged time and to prevent reaccumulation of fluid. Without the insertion of a tube, the incision usually heals spontaneously in two to three weeks.
There is also support for adenoidectomy in recurrent otitis media in children previously treated with tympanostomy tubes. [6] Finally, the effectiveness of adenoidectomy in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, common cold, otitis media and moderate nasal obstruction has been questioned with the outcome, [ 1 ] in some ...
[7] [5] Given that proximity of that part of the Eustachian tube to the tympanic cavity, the site of frequent infections during childhood, it is logical to conclude that this segment of the tube experiences fibrosis and stenosis from recurrent infections. This is a possible explanation for the increased frequency of chronic ear disease in ...