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  2. DNA synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesis

    DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure.

  3. Biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

    Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex ...

  4. Thymidylate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase

    Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a crucial role in the early stages of DNA biosynthesis. [11] DNA damage or deletion occur on a daily basis as a result of both endogenous and environmental factors. Such environmental factors include ultraviolet damage and cigarette smoke that contain a variety of carcinogens. [12] Therefore, synthesis and ...

  5. Nucleic acid metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

    Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides .

  6. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    DNA exists as a double-stranded structure, with both strands coiled together to form the characteristic double helix. Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotides. Nucleotides in DNA contain a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nucleobase.

  7. Artificial gene synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis

    As DNA printing and DNA assembly methods have allowed commercial gene synthesis to become progressively and exponentially cheaper over the past years, [50] artificial gene synthesis represents a powerful and flexible engineering tool for creating and designing new DNA sequences and protein functions.

  8. Scientists warn of ‘unprecedented’ risks of research into ...

    www.aol.com/news/mirror-bacteria-may-constitute...

    For example, DNA and RNA are made from “right-handed” nucleotides, and proteins are made from “left-handed” amino acids. Just as a right-handed glove cannot fit a left hand, interactions ...

  9. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    DNA is defined by containing 2'-deoxy-ribose nucleic acid while RNA is defined by containing ribose nucleic acid. ... De novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides is ...