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Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. His Bourbon Restoration government was a constitutional monarchy, unlike the absolutist Ancien Régime in France before the Revolution. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the Charter of 1814, France's new
A charter is a document defining the responsibilities of actors of the French state (the king and the two chambers). In his Souvenirs de 1814, Louis-Philippe claimed that Louis XVIII did not conceive the charter as a new fundamental law of the French Kingdom – for those were still in place and could not be changed – but rather as a document stating the replacement of the Estates General ...
Allegory of the Return of the Bourbons on 24 April 1814 : Louis XVIII Lifting France from Its Ruins by Louis-Philippe Crépin. King Louis XVIII made a triumphal return to Paris on 3 May 1814, accompanied by members of the provisional Council of State, commissaires of the ministerial departments, Marshals of France, and generals.
Louis was relatively liberal, choosing many centrist cabinets. [16] Louis XVIII died in September 1824 and was succeeded by his brother, who reigned as Charles X. The new king pursued a more conservative form of governance than Louis. His more reactionary laws included the Anti-Sacrilege Act (1825–1830).
Significant symbolic acts included the replacement of the tricolore flag with the white flag, the titling of Louis as the "XVIII" (as successor to Louis XVII, who never ruled) and as "King of France" rather than "King of the French", and the monarchy's recognition of the anniversaries of the execution of Louis XVI and of Marie Antoinette.
On 6 April 1814, the Senate of the French Empire summoned Louis Stanislas Xavier, Count of Provence—already styling himself "Louis XVIII"—to become head of a restored, but constitutional, French monarchy. Louis' younger brother, Charles, Count of Artois, came to Paris on 12 April and was appointed Lieutenant-General of the realm; Louis ...
For example, Louis XVIII quickly exhausted the coin reserves he had rushed from the Tuileries, and it was the British monarchy that minted twenty-franc coins to meet the needs of the government in exile, but above all to be able to coin money with the French once the British army had returned to France, making Louis XVIII completely dependent ...
The Declaration of Saint-Ouen is a statement made by the future King Louis XVIII of France on 2 May 1814, which paved the way for the “First Restoration” of the House of Bourbon on the throne of France following its defeat in the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleon’s forced abdication and demise.