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Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common type of CSF rhinorrhoea. [1] It may be due to severe head injury, or from complications from neurosurgery. [1] Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is the most common acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) causing spontaneous nasal liquorrhea.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless transcellular body fluid found within the meningeal tissue that surrounds the vertebrate brain and spinal cord, and in the ventricles of the brain. CSF is mostly produced by specialized ependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations .
It is most common in children, especially those younger than age 3, and usually occurs several weeks following a viral infection. Viral infections that may cause it include chickenpox , Coxsackie disease (also called hand-foot-and-mouth disease), Epstein–Barr virus (a common human virus that belongs to the herpes family), influenza , [ 2 ...
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.
Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. [1] A non-blanching rash (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present. [11] The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. [12]
A subdural hygroma (SDG) is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without blood, located under the dural membrane of the brain. Most subdural hygromas are believed to be derived from chronic subdural hematomas. They are commonly seen in elderly people after minor trauma, but can also be seen in children following infection or trauma.
While the disease can occur in both children and adults, it is more common in children. [1] Rates of infection tend to reach a peak in the summer and fall. [29] During an outbreak in Romania and in Spain viral meningitis was more common among adults. [30] While, people aged younger than 15 made up 33.8% of cases. [30]
Reference ranges for other molecules in CSF Substance Lower limit Upper limit Unit Corresponds to % of that in plasma Glucose: 50 [2] 80 [2] mg/dL ~60% [1] 2.2, [3] 2.8 [1] 3.9, [3] 4.4 [1] mmol/L Protein: 15 [1] [2] 40, [4] 45 [1] [2] mg/dL ~1% [1] Albumin: 7.8 [5] 40 [5] mg/dL: 0 [6] - 0.7% [6] - corresponding to an albumin (CSF/serum ...