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God the Father turning the press and the Lamb of God at the chalice. Prayer book of 1515–1520. The image was first used c. 1108 as a typological prefiguration of the crucifixion of Jesus and appears as a paired subordinate image for a Crucifixion, in a painted ceiling in the "small monastery" ("Klein-Comburg", as opposed to the main one) at Comburg.
According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Christ’s humiliation "consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time." [2]
The sayings of Jesus on the cross (sometimes called the Seven Last Words from the Cross) are seven expressions biblically attributed to Jesus during his crucifixion. Traditionally, the brief sayings have been called "words". The seven sayings are gathered from the four canonical gospels. [1] [2] In Matthew and Mark, Jesus cries out
Since only God can make the satisfaction necessary to repay it, rather than merely forgiving humanity, God sent the God-man, Jesus Christ, to fulfill both these conditions. [43] Christ is a sacrifice by God on behalf of humanity, taking humanity's debt for sin upon himself, and propitiating God's wrath. [9]
This ideological shift places the focus on a change in God, who is propitiated through Christ's death. The Calvinist understanding of the atonement and satisfaction is penal substitution: Christ is a substitute taking our punishment and thus satisfying the demands of justice and appeasing God's wrath so that God can justly show grace.
The theology of the Cross (Latin: Theologia Crucis, [1] German: Kreuzestheologie [2] [3] [4]) or staurology [5] (from Greek stauros: cross, and -logy: "the study of") [6] is a term coined by the German theologian Martin Luther [1] to refer to theology that posits "the cross" (that is, divine self-revelation) as the only source of knowledge concerning who God is and how God saves.
The cross is not an instrument of God's wrath." [ 19 ] Timothy George, the dean of Beeson Divinity School , criticized the decision in an online column titled "No Squishy Love" and claimed that it "fits into a wider pattern of downplaying parts of Christian doctrine that are offensive."
In the West, a version of this belief was known pejoratively as patripassianism by its critics (from Latin patri-, "father", and passio, "suffering") because they alleged that the teaching required that since God the Father had become directly incarnate in Christ, the Father literally sacrificed himself on the cross. [2]
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