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An overview of ranges of mass. To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10 −67 kg and 10 52 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe.
Takeoff weight components. The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of an aircraft, also known as the maximum structural takeoff weight or maximum structural takeoff mass, [1] is the maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits.
The maximum taxi weight (MTW) (also known as the maximum ramp weight (MRW) is the maximum weight authorized for maneuvering (taxiing or towing) an aircraft on the ground as limited by aircraft strength and airworthiness requirements. It includes the weight of taxi and run-up fuel for the engines and the APU.
The gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), or gross vehicle mass (GVM), is the maximum operating weight/mass of a vehicle as specified by the manufacturer [6] including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and cargo but excluding that of any trailers. [7]
The size–weight illusion, also known as the Charpentier illusion, is named after the French physician Augustin Charpentier [1] because he was the first to demonstrate the illusion experimentally. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is also called De Moor's illusion , named after Belgian physician Jean Demoor (1867–1941).
A typical light aircraft: the Cessna 172 With a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lbs, the DHC-6 Twin Otter is an example of the upper limit of the light aircraft category. A Robinson R44 light helicopter. A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less. [1]
The Piaggio P.180 Avanti has a sea-level standard-day maximum-gross-weight takeoff distance of 869 m (2,851 ft) and a landing roll of 872 m (2,861 ft). [50] Deliveries were at a high of 30 in 2008, but only two in 2013. In 2014 Piaggio announced development of an updated version, named EVO. [51]
The maximum ramp weight (MRW) (also known as the maximum taxi weight (MTW)) is the maximum weight authorised for manoeuvring (taxiing or towing) an aircraft on the ground as limited by aircraft strength and airworthiness requirements. It includes the weight of taxi and run-up fuel for the engines and the auxiliary power unit (APU).