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The symptoms of TR depend on its severity. Severe TR causes right-sided heart failure, with the development of ascites and peripheral edema. [1] In severe cases of right heart failure due to TR, venous congestion of the kidneys and liver may lead to cardiorenal syndrome (kidney failure secondary to heart failure) and cardiohepatic syndromes (liver failure secondary to heart failure ...
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. [3]
In more severe cases it is a consequence of dilation of the right ventricle, leading to displacement of the papillary muscles which control the valve's ability to close. [13] Dilation of the right ventricle occurs secondary to ventricular septal defects, right to left shunting of blood, eisenmenger syndrome, hyperthyroidism, and pulmonary stenosis.
Kussmaul sign suggests impaired filling of the right ventricle due to a poorly compliant myocardium or pericardium. This impaired filling causes the increased blood flow to back up into the venous system, causing the jugular vein distention (JVD) and is seen clinically in the internal jugular veins becoming more readily visible.
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing , leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. [1] ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of multiple organs by fluid ...
When normal, the RV is about half the size of the left ventricle (LV). When strained, it can be as large as or larger than the LV. [5] An important potential finding with echo is McConnell's sign, where only the RV apex wall contracts; [7] it is specific for right heart strain and typically indicates a large PE. [8]
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. [4] Typically, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have a history of acute myocardial infarction, [5] however, it may occur in patients with coronary artery disease, but without a past history of acute myocardial infarction.
Sleep apnea is an under-recognized risk factor for heart failure. Uncontrolled sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart failure by up to 140%. [4] Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown ...
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